PAS 97:2021 (Specification for Mail Screening and Security)
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Security x-ray machines have become an important part of modern security procedures, helping organisations screen mail, parcels, bags and other items quickly and safely. Once associated primarily with airports, security x-ray scanners are now widely used in commercial buildings, corporate headquarters, government facilities, schools, universities, event venues, and mailrooms across the UK.
As threats continue to evolve, many organisations are reviewing how they protect employees, visitors and property. Security x-ray machines provide a non-intrusive method of inspecting items without opening packages or disrupting daily operations. Whether you are responsible for a busy office building, a facilities management contract, a mailroom, or a public-facing venue, understanding how x-ray screening systems work can help you make informed decisions about your security requirements.
In this guide, we explain how security x-ray machines work, what they can detect, where they are commonly used, and the key factors to consider when selecting a screening solution.
If you have any questions about security x-ray machines or would like advice on selecting the most appropriate screening solution for your organisation, our team would be happy to help.
What is a security X-Ray machine?
A security x-ray machine is a screening device designed to inspect the contents of parcels, bags, letters, and other items without physically opening them. The system uses low-dose x-rays to create an image of the contents, allowing trained operators to identify suspicious items, prohibited objects and potential threats.
Unlike medical x-ray equipment, security x-ray machines are specifically designed for the inspection of objects rather than people. Modern systems use advanced imaging software that can help operators distinguish between different materials and identify unusual items more easily.
Security x-ray machines are available in a range of sizes and configurations, from compact cabinet scanners designed for office mailrooms through to large conveyor systems capable of screening parcels, pallets and cargo.
How do security X-Ray machines work?
When an item is placed inside a security x-ray scanner, it is exposed to a controlled x-ray beam. Different materials absorb x-rays at different rates, allowing the scanner to generate a detailed image of the contents.
Advanced systems use dual-energy technology to help differentiate between organic and inorganic materials. This can help operators identify materials that may require further investigation, including substances that share characteristics with known threat materials.
Many modern systems also include image enhancement tools, zoom functions and material discrimination software to assist operators during the screening process.
What can security X-Ray machines detect?
Security x-ray machines can help identify a wide range of items, including:
- Suspicious packages
- Weapons and sharp objects
- Electronic devices
- Batteries and power sources
- Powders and granular substances
- Liquids and containers
- Cables and wiring
- Dense metal objects
- Concealed items within parcels or bags
While x-ray scanners are highly effective screening tools, they form part of a wider security strategy and should always be used alongside appropriate procedures, training and threat assessment processes.
Atomic Z # |
Material Type |
3 + 1 Colours |
6 + 1 Colours |
Examples |
| 0-8 | Organic | Orange | Brown | Wood, Oil |
| 8-10 | Low Inorganic | Orange | Orange | Paper, Alcohol |
| 10-12 | High Inorganic | Green | Yellow | Glass |
| 12-17 | Light Metals | Green | Green | Aluminum, Silicon |
| 17-29 | Heavy Metals | Blue | Blue | Iron, Steel |
| 29+ | Dense Metals | Blue | Violet | Gold, Silver |
| – | Impenetrable | Black | Black | Lead |
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X-Ray Image of Backpack
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X-Ray Image of Handbag
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X-Ray Image of Handbag
Where are security X-Ray machines used?
Security x-ray machines are now used in many different environments, including:
Mailroom x-ray scanners help organisations screen incoming letters and parcels before they enter the wider building. This can reduce the risk posed by suspicious packages and improve overall mail handling procedures.
Many office buildings use x-ray screening systems to inspect deliveries, contractor equipment, and visitor belongings before they are distributed throughout the premises.
Organisations with senior executives or high-profile personnel often implement mail and parcel screening procedures to reduce risks associated with targeted threats.
Schools, colleges, and universities are increasingly reviewing their security procedures and may use screening equipment as part of wider site security measures.
Facilities management companies frequently manage security screening operations on behalf of their clients, particularly in multi-tenant office buildings and commercial developments.
Large venues and public events may use x-ray screening systems alongside metal detection equipment to manage visitor security and improve screening efficiency.
Key differences between Conveyor and Cabinet Scanners
Understanding the key differences between cabinet and conveyor x-ray scanners can help organisations select the most appropriate solution for their operational needs, security objectives and available space. The comparison below highlights the main features, benefits and typical applications of each system.
Conveyor Scanners
- Designed for continuous screening of items.
- Ideal for busy mailrooms, goods-in departments, and security checkpoints.
- Can process a high volume of mail, parcels, luggage, and deliveries quickly.
- Reduce bottlenecks where large numbers of items need to be screened.
Cabinet Scanners
- Best suited to lower volumes of mail and parcels.
- Items are placed inside the cabinet for scanning individually or in small batches.
- Well suited to organisations that receive fewer daily deliveries.
Conveyor Scanners
- Can accommodate larger parcels, sacks of mail, luggage, and deliveries.
- Larger tunnel sizes allow screening of bulky items.
- Suitable for organisations handling varied package sizes.
Cabinet Scanners
- Better suited to letters, small parcels, bags, and compact packages.
- Physical chamber size limits the dimensions of items that can be screened.
- Ideal for standard office mail and reception deliveries.
Conveyor Scanners
- Require more floor space.
- Often installed in dedicated mailrooms, goods-in areas, or security screening locations.
- May require planning for item flow and operator positioning.
Cabinet Scanners
- Compact footprint designed for locations where space is limited.
- Can be installed in reception areas, small mailrooms, offices, or security rooms.
- Easier to integrate into existing workspaces.
Conveyor Scanners
- Use a motorised belt to move items through the x-ray tunnel.
- Operators can stop, reverse, and inspect items as they travel through the system.
- Efficient for continuous screening operations.
Cabinet Scanners
- Operators manually place items inside the cabinet chamber.
- The scanner captures the image while the item remains stationary.
- Simple and straightforward operation for occasional screening
Conveyor Scanners
- Faster processing for large quantities of mail and deliveries.
- Continuous workflow improves operational efficiency.
- Ideal where rapid screening is essential.
Cabinet Scanners
- Slower overall throughput due to manual loading.
- More suitable where screening demand is intermittent rather than constant.
Conveyor Scanners
- Typically involve a higher initial investment.
- Justified where high throughput and operational efficiency are priorities.
Cabinet Scanners
- Generally provide a more cost-effective entry point into x-ray screening.
- Suitable for organisations seeking strong threat detection without the need for high-volume processing.
Conveyor Scanners
- Require dedicated installation space and clear access around the unit.
- Best for organisations with established security screening areas.
Cabinet Scanners
- Designed for environments where space is at a premium.
- Can often be positioned in existing operational areas without significant modifications.
Do you need a security X-Ray machine?
Not every organisation requires a security x-ray machine. The need for screening equipment should be determined through a professional threat assessment that considers:
- The type of organisation
- The number of employees and visitors
- The volume of incoming mail and deliveries
- The profile of the organisation
- Existing security measures
- Potential risks and threats
For some organisations, simple mail handling procedures may be sufficient. For others, particularly those handling large volumes of deliveries or operating in higher-risk environments, dedicated screening equipment may provide an additional layer of protection.
Choosing the right security screening solution
Selecting the right security x-ray machine involves more than choosing a scanner. Considerations such as throughput, available space, installation requirements, staff training, servicing, compliance obligations and future growth should all be taken into account.
A professional security assessment can help identify the most appropriate equipment and procedures for your organisation, ensuring your investment delivers both operational efficiency and effective risk mitigation.
Need advice on security X-Ray machines?
At My Group Security, we supply, install, maintain and support a range of security x-ray screening systems for mailrooms, commercial buildings, facilities management companies, educational establishments and public sector organisations throughout the UK.
If you would like advice on security x-ray machines, mailroom screening systems, or visitor screening equipment, our team will be happy to discuss your requirements and recommend the most suitable solution.
Complete the contact form below with your details and one of our security specialists will be in touch to discuss your requirements.
